The Characteristics and Functions of Women’s Endowments in Sari and Barforoush (Babol) in the Qajar Period

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature, AlZahra University, Tehran-Iran

2 Ph.D. Student ,Department of history.Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

3 PhD student, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran

Abstract

Purpose: Endowments of the Qajar period are among the most important resources that demonstrates the social, economic, cultural and religious conditions of Iran of the time. Female endowments are particularly important among the different classes and groups of Iranian society that have endowed. Investigating the content of women's endowments is important since they display both quantity and quality of endowments among women. They also demonstrate women’s participation in social activities of the period. The purpose of the research is to study the contents of the endowments of the women in Sari and Barforoush during the Qajar period, to distinguish their characteristics and functions as well as the social status of the women.
Method and Research Design: Endowments and some historical library resources were studied and analyzed in a descriptive and analytical way.
Results and conclusion: The result show that there are few differences between women and men’s endowments in Sari and Barforoush in the Qajar period considering their characteristics and functions. The endowments had religious and social functions and were considered for the following purposes: mourning, charitable deeds, seminary students' expenses, publishing religious books, public services, and supporting the life expenses of the children of the person who endows. Endowments were mostly piece of land, a house, a shop, a garden, a bath or a caravanserai. The women were among the rich and noblemen, merchants, and landowners. The women’s social status depended on their father or husband except the ones that themselves were a midwife or tragedian (Ta’ziye khan). Their father or husband were mostly coppersmith, doctor, surgeon, butcher, judge, merchant, tailor, muezzin, Muslim clergyman, and grocer.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
English Translation of References
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Asnād-e Edāre-ye Owqāf-e Šahrestān-e Sāri (Documents of the Department of Awqaf and Charity Affairs of Sari)
          Classified documents: الف/15; الف/17; الف/53; الف/119; الف/140; الف/201; ب/5; ب/6; ب/7; ب/10; ب/24; ب/28; ح/6; ح/7; ح/28; ح/29; ح/54; خ/5; خ/11; خ/12; خ/14; د/4; ر/6; ر/10; ر/13; ر/28; ر/35; ز/2; ز/3; ز/4; ز/6; ز/10; ز/13; ز/17; س/1; س/2; س/3; س/7; س/16; ش/1; ش/6; ش/7; ص/8; ط/17; ع/17; ع/50; ف/1; ف/2; ف/4; ف/5; ف/7; ف/9; ف/13; ف/14; ف/18; ق/3; ک/2; ک/4; ک/8; گ/3; گ/4; م/32; م/35; م/52; م/55; م/77; م/85; م/119; م/139; م/404; م/457; ن/1; ن/2; ن/4; ن/8; ن/9; ن/18. [Persian]
Asnād-e Edāre-ye Owqāf-e Šahrestān-e Bābol (Documents of the Department of Awqaf and Charity Affairs of Babol)
          Classified documents: الف/29; الف/34; الف/62; الف/65; الف/73; الف/108; الف/109; الف/119; ب/4; ب/6; ب/10; ب/19; پ/1; ت/2; ت/6; ت/7; ت/8; ت/12; ت/37; ح/3; ح/65; ح/93; خ/7; خ/12; خ/14; خ/15; خ /28; خ /34; خ /44; خ /46; خ /50; ر/1; ر /7; ر /5; ر /13; ر /17; ر /52; ر /79; ز/2; ز/4; ز/5; ز/11; س/9; س /17; س /63; س /80; س /99; ش/13; ش/16; ش/24; ش/44; ص/2; ص/3; ص/6; ص/10; ط/2; ع/116; ع/179; غ/10; ف/2; ف/3; ف/4; ف/21; ف/32; ف/44; ق/44; گ/1; گ/6; گ/9; م/15; م/16; م/23; م/29; م/46; م/51; م/74; م/93; م/97; م/123; م/175; م/228; م/957; م/1004; م/1012; ن/10; ن/16; ه/8; ه/13; ه/24. [Persian]
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  • Receive Date: 02 August 2022
  • Revise Date: 05 August 2022
  • Accept Date: 03 June 2023

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