Social consequences of World War II in Hamedan (1941- 1946)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of History, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. Abstract:

4 4- Assistant Professor, Department of History, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: The occupation of Hamedan by the allied forces in the Second World War caused numerous political, economic, social and cultural consequences for this city. Among these consequences of the war, its social effects in the field of bread crisis, migration and social disruption, disease outbreak, arrival of immigrants, xenophobia, convergence and exile were numerous and unwanted.

Method and Research Design: It is written with a historical method and descriptive analytical method using archival documents and library sources.

Findings and conclusions: The effects and social consequences of World War II on Hamedan were continuous and more than other consequences such as economic and cultural. Consequences such as aggression, looting and famine, increase in poverty and dissatisfaction and exile and imprisonment caused by the events of the Second World War led to xenophobia and dissatisfaction with the performance of the Allies among the people of the city and the countryside. These positive features were specific to the conditions of the war and as soon as the war ended, these consequences did not continue. The lack of bread and public excitement caused by it during the war was a multifaceted consequence whose effects were long and more destructive than other social consequences. This case turned into an influential incident during the war with the numerous interventions of the allied forces, owners and owners, bakeries and the local government. Deporting and imprisoning people against the presence of the Allies in Hamedan was the dominant policy of the British in Hamedan during the war. With this policy, the British took control of the city. During the war, internal migration, especially the migration of villagers to the city, was more colorful than external migration, but after moving away from the war, the process of external migration prevailed over internal migration, which is still ongoing. The social disruption during the war caused a drastic change in the ethnic, linguistic and social structure of the region. Looting, banditry, and even tampering with the property of the allied forces to obtain food, creating chaos in the city, tampering with shops and houses were examples of the consequences of insecurity, which, with its spread, calmed the region and displeasure. People are increasing at this time.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
English Translationof References
Documents
 
“Āršiv-e Dijitāl-e kešvar-e Qatar (IOR/L/PS)” (Qatar Digital Archive (IOR/L/PS)), document number: 12/3685/0009; 12/3685/0010; 12/3685/0012; 12/3685/0023; 12/3685/0025; 12/385/0058; 12/3685/0090; 12/3685/0100.[Persian]
“Asnād-e Vezārat-e Omur-e Xārejeh (Estādox) (Documents from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs),document number: 1321/24/2.[Persian]
Sāzmān-e Asnād va Ketābxāne-ye Melli-ye Irān (Sākmā) (National Library and Archives of Iran), document number: 240/000993/0100; 240/001612/0025; 290/003308/0006; 290/003308/008; 290/003291/0007; 290/003291/0012; 290/003292/0004; 290/003292/0005; 290/003292/0010; 290/054803/0008;290/008362/003; 290/008362/0005; 292/003291/0014.[Persian]
Books
Ahmadi, MahmoudTaher. (1374/1995). “Asnād-e ravābet-e IrānvaŠoravidardore-ye RezāŠāh (1304 – 1318 SH)” (Documents on the Relations between Iran and the Soviet Union during the Reign of Reza Shah (1925-1939)). Tehran: Sāzmān-e Asnād-e Melli-ye Irān (National Library and Archives Organization of Iran). [Persian]
“Asnādiazešqāl-e Irāndarjang-e jahāni-ye dovvom” (Documents of the occupation of Iran during World War II) (vol. 2). (1389/2010). Tehran: Markaz-e PažuhešvaAsnād-e RiyāsatJomhuri (Islamic Revolution Document Center).[Persian]
“Asnādiazešqāl-e Irāndarjang-e jahāni-ye dovvom” (Documents of the occupation of Iran during World War II) (vol. 5). (1389/2010). Tehran: Markaz-e PažuhešvaAsnād-e RiyāsatJomhuri (Islamic Revolution Document Center).[Persian]
“Asnādiazmohājerat-e dāxelidarIrān” (Documents of internal migration in Iran). (1390/2011). Tehran: Markaz-e PažuhešvaAsnād-e RiyāsatJomhuri (Islamic Revolution Document Center).[Persian]
Azimi, Fakhreddin. (1372/1993). “Bohrān-e demokrāsidarIrān 1320 – 1332” (Iran, The crisis of democracy, 1989). Translated by AbdorrezaHoushangMahdavi&BijanNozari. Tehran: Alborz.[Persian]
Bullard, Reader William; &Skrine, Clarmont. (1363/1974). “Šotor-hābāyadberavand” (The camels must go) (2nd ed.). Translated by Hossein Aboutorabian. Tehran: Našr-e no.[Persian]
Bayat, Nasrollah. (1374/1995). “Lahestān” (Poland). Tehran: Mo’assese-yeČāpvaEntešārāt-e Vezārat-e Omur-e Xārejeh (The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Press).[Persian]
Elahi, Homayoun. (1365/1986). “Ahammiyat-e esterātežiki-ye Irāndarjang-e jahāni-ye dovvom” (The strategic importance of Iran in World War II). Tehran: Našr-e Dānešgāhi. [Persian]
Elahi, Hossein. (1380/2001). “Ahzābvasāzmān-hā-ye siāsivaamalkard-e ān-hādarXorāsān: 1320-1332” (Political parties, organizations and their functions in Khorasan 1320 -1332 SH (1941 – 1953)). [Research project]. Mašhad: Dāneškade-ye Adabiyātva ‘Olum-e Ensāni-ye Dānešgāh-e Ferdowsi (Faculty of Literature and human sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad). [Persian]
Ghotbi, Behrouz. (1389/2010). “Gozide-ye asnād-e jang-e jahāni-ye dovvomdarIrān” (Selected documents of World War II in Iran). Tehran: Ettelā’āt.[Persian]
Katouzian, Mohammad Ali. (1379/2000). “Dowlatvajāme’edarIrān: Enqerāz-e Qājārvaesteqrār-e Pahlavi” (State and society in Iran: The eclipse of the Qajars and the emergence of the Pahlavis). Translated by Hasan Afshar. Tehran: Markaz. [Persian]
MaftounHamedani. (1278/2009). “Divān-e aš’ār” (The collection of Poems). Hamedān: Maftun.[Persian]
Majd, Mohammad Gholi. (1390/2011). “RezāŠāhvaBritāniyā bar asās-e asnād-e vezārat-e Āmrikā” (Great Britain Reza Shah: The plunder of Iran, 1921-1941). Translated by Mostafa Omidi. Tehran: Mo’assese-ye Motāle’ātvaPažuheš-hā-ye Siāsi (Political Studies and Research Institute). [Persian]
Majd, Mohammad Gholi. (1395/2016). “Pol-e pruzi, sarzamin-e qahti: Irāndarjang-e jahāni-ye dovvom (1320 – 1324)” (Iran under allied occupation in World War II; The bridge to victory a land of famine). Translated by Mostafa Omidi. Tehran: Mo’assese-ye Motāle’ātvaPažuheš-hā-ye Siāsi (Political Studies and Research Institute). [Persian]
Momen, Abolfath. (1386/2007). “Enqelāb-e EslāmidarHamedān” (The Islamic revolution in Hamedan) (vol. 1). Tehran: Markaz-e Asnād-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi (Marāsān) (Islamic Revolution Documents Center). [Persian]
Nejati, Gholam Reza. (1378/1999). “Mosaddeq; Sāl-hā-ye mobārezevamoqāvemat” (Mossadegh: The years of struggle and opposition). Tehran: Mo’assese-ye Xadamāt-e Farhangi-ye Rasā. [Persian]
Sadeghi, Mostafa. (1384/2005). “Xāterāt-e Āyatollāh Ahmad Sāberi-ye Hamedāni” (Memoirs of Ayatollah Ahmad SaberiHamedani). Tehran: Markaz-e Asnād-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi(Marāsān) (Islamic Revolution Documents Center). [Persian]
‎Skrine, Sir Clarmont Percival. (1370/1991). “Jang-hā-ye jahānidarIrān” (World war in Iran). Translated by Hossein NajafabadiFarahani. Tehran: Novin. [Persian]
Tabraeeyan, Safa Al-Din. (1371/1992). “Irāndarešqāl-e mottafeqin” (Iran under occupation of the Allied Forces) (1st ed.). Tehran: Rasā. [Persian]
Zarrinkelk, Behnaz. (1382/2003). “Asnādiazravābet-e IrānvaEngelis (1320 – 1325 SH)” (Some documents on Iran - England relations (1941 - 1946)). Tehran: Sāzmān-e AsnādvaKetābxāne-ye Melli-ye Irān (Sākmā) (National Library and Archives Organization of Iran). [Persian]
Zoghi, Iraj. (1368/1989). “Irānvaqodrat-hā-ye bozorgdarjang-e jahāni-ye dovvom” (Iran and the great powers in World War II). Tehran: Pāžang.[Persian]
Articles
Abadian, Hossein. (1390/2011). “Āmrikāvaahammiyat-e nezāmi-ye Irāndarjang-e jahāni-ye dovvom” (America and the military importance of Iran in World War II). Tārix-e Ravābet-e Xāreji (Foreign Relations History), 47.[Persian]
Ahmadi, Nemat; & Sadeghi, Younes. (1392/2013). “Jang-e jahāni-ye dovvomvahozur-e mottafeqindarIrān (bāta’kid bar naqš-e Engelis)” (World war two and the allies’ arrival in Iran& the issue of the England). Pažuheš-nāme-ye Tārix (Scientific Journalof History Research), 8 (32).[Persian]
Bayrami, Samaneh. (1388/2009). “Āsārvapeyāmad-hā-ye ejtemā’ee-ye ešqāl-e IrāndarŠahrivar 1320” (Effects and social consequences of the occupation of Iran in Shahrivar 1320 / September 1941). Fasl-nāme-ye Motāle’āt-e Tvrixi, 6(27).[Persian]
Beheshti-seresht, Mohsen; Mohammadpour, Mohammad; &Yousefi, Gholamreza. (1392/2013). “Taba’āt-e ejtemā’ee-ye eskān-e mohājerin-e LahestānidarIrāntey-ye jang-e jahāni-ye dovvom (bar pāye-ye asnād)” (Social Consequences of Polish migrants in Iran during WW2 based on). Ganjine-ye Asnād, 92.[Persian]
Karimi, Alireza; &Karimi, Seyyed Ali. (1378/1999). “Lahestāni-hā-ye mohājerdarIrān (1320 – 1323 SH)” (Polish immigrants in Iran (1320-1323 SH / 1941 – 1944 AD)). Tārix-e Mo’āser-e Irān (Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies), 9.[Persian]
Naghdi, Asadollah. (1374/1995). “Mohājeratvahāšie-nešinidarIrān” (Immigration and marginalization in Iran). Fasl-nāme-ye Jam’eeyat (Population Magazine), 73 – 74.[Persian]
Naghzgouy Kohan, Mehrdad. (1387/2008). “Negāhi be farhangvazabān-e Yahudiyān-e Hamedān” (Looking at the culture and language of Hamadan Jews). Fasl-nāme-ye Farhang-e Mardom, 26 (special issue of Hamedān).[Persian]
Soleimani, Karim; &Azizkhah, Jamileh. (1391/2012). “Eqdāmāt-e Milespobarāye hall-e bohrān-e nān-e sāl-hā-ye 1321 – 1323” (Millspaugh’s policies for solving the crisis of bread in 1321-1323 AH). Motāle’āt-e Tārix-e Farhangi (Pažuheš-nāme-ye Anjoman-e Irāni-ye Tārix) (Cultural History Studies), 12.[Persian]
Newspapers
Ettelā’āt
Issue 4522 (1320/1941); Issue 4763 (1320/1941); Issue 4766 (1320/1941);Issue 4819 (1321/1942); Issue 4834 (1321/1942);Issue 4931 (1321/1942);Issue 4944 (1321/1942);Issue 4986 (1321/1942);Issue 5038 (1321/1942);Issue 5152 (1322/1943); Issue 5276 (1322/1943);Issue 5313 (1322/1943).[Persian]
Pārs
Issue 103 (1322/1943).[Persian]
Oral history
MosāhebehbāParvizAzkāri (Interview with ParvizAzkari), 1398/2019. (Personal interview)[Persian]
Sāzmān-e AsnādvaKetābxāne-ye Melli-ye Modiriyat-e Qarb-e Kešvar (SākmāHamedān) (National Library and Archives Organization of Iran, Hamedan Center). Āršiv-e Tārix-e Šafāhi (Oral history archive): MosāhebehbāQolām Hossein Zanganeh (Interview with Gholam Hossein Zanganeh), 1379/2000; MosāhebehbāAli AsqarNežādiyān (Interview with Ali AsgharNejadian), 1380/2001. [Persian]
Website
Zoghi, Iraj. (1395/10/5 SH / October 27, 2016). “Ser Rider Bulārdsafir-e EngelisdarTehrān: Māmored-e tanaffor-e Irāni-hāhastim” (Sir Reader Bullard,British ambassador to Tehran: 'We are hated by Iranians'). Retrieved from Sāyt-e Mo’assese-ye Motāle’ātvaPažuheš-hā-ye Siyāsi (Political Studies and Research Institute website) https://psri.ir/?id=4wf5end2.[Persian]
 
 
 
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 March 2021
  • Revise Date: 05 March 2021
  • Accept Date: 19 June 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics