English Translation of References
Documents
Ketāb-xāne, Muze va Markaz-e Asnād-e Majles-e Šorā-ye Eslāmi (Kemām) (Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament):
1306/6/28 SH / 1927-9-20, document number: 13675, “Arize-ye ro’āyā-ye noqān-dār-e Gilān be majles darbāre-ye xesārat-e vārede be ānān az su-ye mofatteš-e edāre-ye noqān va darxāst-e residegi barāye ahqāq-e mašru’e-šān” (The petition of the sericulturist peasants of Gilan to the parliament regarding the damage caused to them by the sericulture administration inspector and requesting an investigation to achieve their legitimate rights).
1306/6/29 SH / 1927-9-21, document number: 13675, “Arize-ye Mahmud-e Rezā namāyande-ye Lāhijān be riāsat-e majles-e šorā-ye melli va taqāzā-ye dādresi be arize-ye zāre’een-e qorā’-e Lāhijān” (Petition of Mahmoud Reza, representative of Lahijan, to the chair of the National Assembly, and his request for a hearing on the petition of the farmers of Lahijan villages).
1306/7/1 SH / 1927-9-24, document number: 13682, “Arize-ye ro’āyā-ye Gilān be majles dar e’terāz be fešār va ta’addiāt-e atbā’-e xārejeh va xesārāt-e vāredeh az su-ye ānān dar foruš-e toxm-e noqān-hā-ye fāsed be zāre’een-e Lāhijān” (The petition of the peasants of Gilan to the parliament to protest against the pressure and encroachment of foreign nationals and the damages caused by them in selling rotten silkworm eggs to Lahijan farmers).
1306/8/29 SH / 1927-11-21, document number: 1536, “Arize-ye ro’āyā-ye noqān-dār-e Gilān be majles darbāre-ye owzā’-e parišān va falākat-bār-e ānān az nabud-e noqān dar asar-e setam-hā-ye vāredeh az su-ye hāmelin” (The petition of the peasants of Sarhend Divshal to the National Assembly on their difficult living conditions due to lack of proper silkworm eggs and agriculture and the dispute between the owners and heirs of the late Mirza Isa Khan Monajjem Bashi).
1306/9/4 SH / 1927-11-26, document number: 115470, “Arize-ye ro’āyā-ye qarye-ye Sarhend-e Divšal be dār-oš-šorā-ye melli darbāre-ye owzā’-e saxt-e ma’eešati-šān be vāsete-ye nabud-e noqān va zarā’at va extelāf miān-e mālekin-e varase-gān-e marhum Mirzā Isā Xān-e monajjem-bāši” (The petition of the sericulturist peasants of Gilan to the parliament on their distressing and miserable situation caused by the lack of silkworm eggs due to oppressions imposed by the bearers).
1307/9/3 SH / 1928-11-24, document number: 599, “Pāsox-e vezārat-e mālieh be majles-e šorā-ye melli rāje’ be šekāyat-e xorde-mālekān-e Tulem az fešār-e māliāti” (The response of the Ministry of Finance to the National Assembly regarding the complaint of the smallholders of Tulem about the tax pressure).
1307/10/15 SH / 1929-1-5, document number: 1143, “Telegrāf-e Qāsemiān yeki az ahāli-ye Rašt be majles va taqāzā-ye kāheš-e māliāt-e noqān” (A telegram by Ghasemian, a resident of Rasht, to the parliament and demanding a reduction in silkworm egg taxes).
1308 SH / 1929, document number: 559, “Vezārat-e mālieh dar pāsox-e morāsele-ye nomre-ye 139” (Ministry of Finance in response to letter number 139).
1308/9/4 SH / 1929-11-25, document number: 5387, “Arize-ye Hāji Mirzā Ali Akbar-e Abrišami be majles va šekvāeeyeh az edāre-ye mālieh be jahat-e axz-e qeyr-e qānuni-ye māliāt-e kārxāne-ye pile-xafe-koni-ye uo” (Haji Mirza Ali Akbar Abrishami’s petition to the parliament and his complaint from the tax administration for illegal tax collection on his cocoon factory).
1309/1/16 SH / 1930-4-6, document number: 6978, “Arize-ye ro’āyā-ye Dehkāh-e Lāhijān be majles barāye ijād-e madreseh jahat-e towse’e-ye ma’āref va āšnāyi-ye a’qāb-e ān-hā bā osul-e amr-e falāhat” (The petition of the peasants of Dahkah village of Lahijan to the parliament to establish a school to develop the education of, and acquaint their descendants with the principles of the agriculture).
n. d., document number: 1774, “Arize-ye ro’āyā-ye Šalmān-e Langarud be majles va darxāst-e taxfif-e māliāt be jahat-e amal nayāmadan-e noqān va pāsox-e majles” (The petition of the peasants of Shalman Langaroud to the parliament and their request for tax reduction due to uncultivated silkworm eggs and the parliament’s response).
n. d., document number: 7593, “Arize-ye ahāli-ye Ābkenār-e Anzali darbāre-ye sangini-ye māliātešān va taqāzā-ye taxfif va residegi” (Petition of the residents of Abkenar Anzali about the heaviness of their taxes and their request for its reduction and more consideration).
n. d., document number: 240/74895, “Dastur-e vezārat-e mālieh mabni bar mizān-e daryāft-e māliāt az toxm-e noqān-e vāredāti” (The verdict of the Ministry of Finance on the amount of tax received from imported silkworm eggs). [Persian]
Markaz-e Asnād va Tārix-e Diplomāsi-ye Vezārat-e Omur-e Xārejeh (Ostādox) (Department of Diplomatic Documents and History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs):
Document 1317 AH -29-18 / 1900 AD. “Sanad-e savād-e hokm-e vezārat-e omur-e xārejeh be kārgozār-e Gilān, 22 Safar 1317 AH”(The transcript document of the decree of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the broker of Gilan, 1 July 1899).
Document 1317 AH -29-18 / 1900 AD. “Dar xosus-e savād-e kāqaz-e vezārat-e omur-e xārejeh be Montazem ol-Molk, kārgozār-e Gilān, 4 Dhu al-Qa'dah 1317 AH” (Regarding the transcript of the paper issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to Montazemolmolk, the broker of Gilan, 6 March 1900). [Persian]
Markaz-e Tahqiqāt-e Noqān-e Irān” (Iran Silkworm Research Centre).
“Daftarče-ye dastur-ol-‘amal-e tarbiat-e deraxt-e tut va parvareš-e kerm-e abrišam be zamime-ye nezām-nāme-ye vorudie-ye toxm-e noqān be Irān, tejārat-xāne-ye Zāk Gāstork, namāyandegi-ye Gilān-Irān, 1306 SH” (Instruction booklet for berry tree breeding and silkworm breeding, including silkworm egg import code to Iran, Zack Gastork’s trade house, Gilan-Iran representative office, 1306 SH / 1927 AD). Document donated by Naeemi Akbar family to Iran Silkworm Research Centre.
“Nāme-ye Seyyed Esmā’eel–e Qāem-maqāmi be Šārl Sekretān” (A letter from Seyyed Esma’il Ghaem Maghami to Charles Sekretan). In two pages, 1923, the original letter is available at the Lyon Silkworm Research Centre in France.
“Nezām-nāme-ye vorudie-ye toxm-e noqān be Irān, mosavvabe-ye vazir-e falāhat va tejārat va favāyed-e āmme-ye Mahmud Jam” (The importing code for silkworm eggs to Iran, approved by the Minister of Agriculture, Trade and Public Benefits Mahmoud Jam). Document number: 14672/5920, date: 1307/11/29 SH / 1929-2-18 AD. [Persian]
Sāzmān-e Asnād va Ketābxāne-ye Melli-ye Irān (Sākmā) (National Library and Archives Organization of Iran):
“Pišnahād-e vezārat-e eqtesvd-e melli be hey’at-e vozarā barāye raf’-e moškelāt-e ijād-šodeh dar howze-ye sodur-e abrišam” (The proposal of the Ministry of National Economy to the cabinet of ministers to solve the problems created in the field of silk export). Document number: 25413/2286, 1311/9/5 SH / 1932-11-30.
“Hokumat-e Gilān va Tavāleš be vezārat-e dāxele” (From the government of Gilan and Tavalesh to the Ministry of Interior Affairs). Document number: 132, 2 Rabi’ Al Thani, 9234, [ک, 1695]. [Persian]
“Dastur-e vezārat-e mālieh mabni bar mizān-e daryāft-e māliāt az toxm-e noqān-e vāredāti” (The verdict issued by the Ministry of Finance on the amount of tax received from the imported silkworm eggs). Document number: 240/74895.
“Savād-e nezām-nāme-ye toxm-e noqān” (The transcript of the silkworm egg protocol). n. d. document number: 240/74893.
“Gozāreš-e qārat-e tejārat-xāne-ye Tomāniāns tavassot-e Bolšoyik-hā” (The report of the looting of the Tumanians trade house by the Bolsheviks). Document number: 58, 15 Moharram [ک 328/51].
“Nazmiye-ye Rašt be nazmiye-ye Gilān, savād-e rāport-e dāere-ye ta’mināt” (From the order of Rasht to the order of Gilan, the transcript of the report of the Department of Law Enforcement). Document number: 47, 19 Rabi’ Al Thani [ک1692] الف.
“Nazmiye-ye Rašt be nazmiye-ye Gilān” (From the order of Rasht to the order of Gilan). Document number: 54, 20 Rabi’ Al Thani [ک1692] ب. [Persian]
Books
Adamiat, Fereydoun. (1348/1969). “Amir Kabir va Irān” (Amir Kabir and Iran). Tehran: Xārazmi. [Persian]
Amid, Hassan. (1390/2011). “Farhang-e Amid” (Amid dictionary). Tehran: Entešārāt-e Amir Kabir. [Persian]
Azari, Ala’ al-Deen. (1367/1988). “Tārix-e ravābet-e Irān va Čin” (History of Iran-China relations). Tehran: Amir Kabir. [Persian]
Barbaro, Giosofat et al. (1345/1966). “Safarnāme-hā-ye Veniziyān dar Irān” (Travels to Tana and Persia, and a narrative of Italians’ travels in Persia in the 15th and 16th centuries). Translated by Manouchehr Amiri. Tehran: Xārazmi. [Persian]
Bastani Parizi, Mohammad Ebrahim. (1384/2005). “Eždehā-hā-ye haft-sar: Rāh-e abrišam” (The seven headed dragon (Ajdahay-e-haft sar) (Silk Road)). Tehran: ‘Elm. [Persian]
Curzon, George Nathaniel. (1380/2001). “Irān va qazie-ye Irān” (Persia and the Persian question) (vol. 1) (5th ed.). Translated by Gholam Ali Vahid Mazandarani. Tehran: Katibeh. [Persian]
Dehkhoda. “Loghat-nāmeh” (Dehkhoda Dictionary). [Persian]
Entner, Marvin L. (1369/1990). “Ravābet-e bāzargāni-ye Rus va Irān” (Russo-Persiaan Commerical relations, 1828-1914). Translated by Ahmad Tavakkoli. Tehran: Bonyād-e Mowqufāt-e Doktor Mahmud Afšār (Foundation of Doctor Mahmoud Afshar Yazdi’s Endowments). [Persian]
Eslah Arabani, Ebrahim. (1374/1995). “Ketāb-e Gilān” (Gilan) (vol. 2). Tehran: Goruh-e Pažuhešgarān-e Irān. [Persian]
Estakhri, Abu Eshagh Ebrahim. (1368/1989). “Al-masālek-o val-mamālek” (Book of Roads and Kingdoms). Edited by Iraj Afshar. Tehran: ‘Elmi Farhangi. [Persian]
Falsafi, Nasrollah. (1353/1974). “Zendegāni-ye Šāh Abbās-e avval” (The life of Shah Abbas I.) (vol. 5). Tehran: Ketāb-e Keyhān. [Persian]
Farrokhnia, Rahim. (1389/2010). “Moqaddame-ee bar mardom-šenāsi” (Introduction sedimentology by supriya sengupta) (3rd ed.). Hamedān: Dānešgāh-e Bu ‘Ali Sinā (Bu-Ali Sina University). [Persian]
Ghazvini, Sharaf Al-Din Fazlollah. (1286/1907). “Tārix-e mo’jam: Al-mo’jam-o fi āsār-e moluk-el-ajam” (Al Mujam fi athar - i muluk al Ajam). Čāp-e Sangi: n. p. [Persian]
“Gozāreš-e sanduq-e motāle’āti-ye towse’e-ye noqān-dāri va sanāye’-e abrišam-e Irān, emkānāt-e towse’e-ye noqān-dāri va sanāye’-e abrišam-e kešvar” (The report of the Study Fund for the Development of Iranian Silkworms and Silk Industries, Facilities for the Development of Silkworms and Silk Industries of Iran). (1367/1988). Vezārat-e Kešāvarzi (Ministry of Agriculture): Mo’āvenat-e Omur-e Vāhed-hā-ye Towlid va Kešt va San’at-hā (Deputy for production and agro-industrial units). [Persian]
“Hodud-ol-‘ālam men-al-mašreq elal-maqreb” (Hudud al-'Alam). (1362/1983). Edited by Manouchehr Sotudeh. Tehran: Tahuri. [Persian]
Issavi, Charles Phillip. (1362/1983). “Tārix-e eqtesādi-ye Irān dar asr-e Qājār az 1800 tā 1914 AD” (The economic history of Iran in 1800-1914) (2nd ed.). Translated by Yaghoub Azhand. Tehran: Gostareh. [Persian]
Jamalzadeh, Mohammad Ali. (1362/1983). “Ganj-e Šāygān: Owzā’-e eqtesādi-ye Irān” (The worthy treasure). Tehran: Ketāb-e Tehrān. [Persian]
Keshavarz, Karim. (1336/1957). “Gilān” (Gilan). Tehran: Ebn-e Sinā. [Persian]
Khayyam. (1312/1923). “Nowruznāmeh” (Epistle of Nowruz or Nowruznameh). Introduction, annotation, dictionary and edition by Mojtaba Minovi. Tehran: Ketāb-xāne-ye Kāveh. [Persian]
Mahdavi, Abd Al-Reza (Houshang). (1364/1985). “Tārix-e ravābet-e xāreji-ye Irān: Az ebtedā-ye dowrān-e Safavieh tā pāyān-e jang-e dovvom-e jahāni” (The history of Iran’s foreign relations: From the beginning of the Safavid period to the end of the World War II). Tehran: Amir Kabir. [Persian]
Mar’ashi, Zahir Al-Din. (1349/1970). “Tārix-e Gilān va Deilamestān” (The history of Guilan and Deilamistan). Edited by Manouchehr Sotoudeh. Tehran: Bonyād-e Farhang-e Irān. [Persian]
Markaz-e Asnād-e Riāsat-e Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān (Mārjā) (Office of Presidential Documents). (1383/2004). “Gozāreš-hā-ye eyālāt va velāyāt az owzā’-e ejtemā’ee-eqtesādi-ye Irān dar sāl-e 1310 SH” (The reports of states and provinces on the socio-economic situation of Iran in 1310 SH/1931 AD). Edited by Reza Mokhtari Esfahani. Tehran: Sāzmān-e Čāp va Entešārāt-e Vezārat-e Farhang va Eršād-e Eslāmi (Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Directorate). [Persian]
Matthee, Rudolph. (1999). The politics of trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for silver 1600-1730. Cambridge University Press.
Moghaddasi, Abu Abdullah Mohammad Ibn Ahmad. (1361/1982). “Ahsan-ot-taqāsim fi ma’refat-el-aqālim” (The best divisions for knowledge of the regions: A translation of Ahsan Al-taqasim Fi Maʻrifat Al-aqalim) (vol. 2). Translated by Ali Naghi Monzavi. Tehran: Šerkat-e Mo’allefān va Motarjemān. [Persian]
Molk’ara, Abbas Mirza. (1361/1982). “Šarh-e hāl-e Abbās Mirzā Molk-ārā” (The biography of Abbas Mirza Molkara). Edited by Abdolhossein Navaee. Tehran: Bābak. [Persian]
Mozaffari, Mohammad Vali. (1347/1968). “Noqān-dār: Še’ri be guyeš-e mardom-e jonub-e Gilān-šarq (Gāleši)” (Sericulturist: A poem in the dialect of the people of East Gilan (in Galeshi dialect)). Tehran: Kār. [Persian]
Navaei, Abdolhossin. (1397/2018). “Ravābet-e siāsi va eqtesādi-ye Irān dar dowre-ye Safavieh” (Iran’s political and economic relations in Safavid period). Tehran: Pažuheškade-ye Tahqiq va Towse’e-ye ‘Olum-e Ensāni (Institute for Research and Development in the Humanities) (SAMT). [Persian]
Lafont, F. D. & Rabino, Hyacinth Louis. (1372/1993). “San’at-e noqān dar Irān” (L̓’Industrie sericicole en Perse) [The sericultural industry in Persia] (1st ed.). Translated by Jafar Khomamizadeh. Tehran: Mo’assese-ye Motāle’āt va Tahqiqāt-e Farhangi (Pažuhešgāh) Vābasteh be Vezārat-e Farhang va Āmuzeš-e ‘Āli (Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies: Affiliated to the Ministry of Culture and Higher Education). [Persian]
Olearius, Adam. (1363/1984). “Safarnāme-ye Oleāriyus” (Vermechrte neue Beschreibung der muscowitischen und persischen Reyse) [The voyages and travels of the ambassadors sent by Frederick Duke of Holstein to the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the King of Persia]. Translated by Ahmad Behpour. Tehran: Ebtekār. [Persian]
Panahi, Abbas. (1398/2019). “Asnād-e Gilān dar dowre-ye mašrutiat” (Gilan documents in the constitutional period). Tehran: Ketāb-xāne va Markaz-e Āršiv-e Majles-e Šorā-ye Eslāmi (Kemām) (Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament). [Persian]
Panahi, Abbas. (1393/2014). “Kārkard-e ejtemā’ee siāsi va farhangi-ye Kiāeeyān dar Gilān” (The social, political and cultural function of Kiayian in Gilan). Rašt: Dānešgāh-e Gilān (University of Guilan). [Persian]
Petrushevskii, Ilya Pavlovich. (1355/1976). “Kešāvarzi va monāsebāt-e arzi dar Irān-e ahd-e Moqol” (Земледелие и аграрные отношения в иране) [Agriculture and agrarian relations in Iran] (vol. 1). Translated by Karim Keshavarz. Tehran: Nil. [Persian]
Ravasani, Shapour. (1384/2005). “Avvalin jomhuri-ye šorāee-ye Irān: Nehzat-e jangal” (The first Soviet Republic of Iran: Jungle movement). Tehran: Čāpaxš. [Persian]
Saalabi Marghani, Hossein Ibn Mohammad. (1372/1993). “Šāhnāme-ye Kohan: Pārsi-ye tārix-e qorar-os-siar” (Hoosin ebn Mohammade Thaalebi Margany. Gorrar-ossiar). Translated by Seyyed Mohammad Rohani. Mašhad: Dānešgāh-e Mašhad. [Persian]
Seif, Ahmad. (1380/2001). “Eqtesād-e Irān be ravāyat-e asnād dar qarn-e nuzdahom” (Iran’s economy in the nineteenth century). Tehran: Češmeh. [Persian]
Articles
Hasani, Seyyed Rahman. (1386/2007). “Abrišam dar asr-e Qājār va tejārat-e ān az tariq-e daryā-ye Xazar bā tekyeh bar asnād-e āršivi (1243-1327 AH / 1828-1909 AD)” (Silk in the Qajar era and its trade via the Caspian Sea: A study based on archival records (1828- 1909)). Fasl-nāme-ye Ganjine-ye Asnād, 17(3), (series number 67). [Persian]
Kardan, Mehdi. (1380/2001). “Tārix-če-ye noqān va elal-e bi-tavajjohi be ān dar Gilān va gerāyeš be kešt-e berenj” (The history of sericulture and the reasons for not paying attention to it in Guilan and the tendency to cultivate rice). In “Gilān-nāmeh: Majmu’e maqālāt-e Gilān-šenāsi” (Guilan-nameh: A collection of essays on Guilan) (vol. 5). Rašt: Tā’ati. [Persian]
Panahi, Abbas; Kohansal Vajargah, Hassan. (2012). “The importance of Guilan silk and its economic significance at Safavid period in Caspian region”. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences (CJES), June & Number 2012, Vol. 10, Issue. 1, pp. 122-129.
Panahi, Abbas. (2017). “Role of Khorasan in commerce of the Silk Road before entrance of the Islam into Iran”. Silk Road Conference, Kazakhstan, Astana.
Savagheb, Jahanbakhsh. (1381/2002). “Abrišam-e Gilān” (Gilan silk). Pažuheš-nāme-ye Dāneškade-ye Adabiāt va ‘Olum-e Ensāni, Dānešgāh-e Šahid Behešti (Shahid Beheshti University), 34. [Persian]
Dissertations
Rah, Nadia. (1396/2017). “Naqš-e avāmel-e dāxeli va xāreji bar tejārat-e abrišam az dowre-ye Nāseri tā pāyān-e asr-e Rezā Šāh” (The role of internal and external factors on the silk trade from the Nasseri period to the end of Reza Shah). [Masters’ thesis]. Supervised by Roshan Babaee Hemmati. Advised by Abbas Panahi. Dānešgāh-e Gilān (University of Guilan). [Persian]
Shourmij, Mohammad. (1389/2010). “Barresi-ye tahlili-ye naqš-e Gilān dar ravand-e tahavvolāt-e asr-e Safavi tā pāyān-e Šāh Abbās-e avval” (The Guilan’s role in the transition process during Safavid period to the end of Shah Abbas I era (1501-1628): A critical study). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Supervised by Asghar Foroughi. Dānešgāh-e Esfahān. [Persian]
)