Water resources management of the city of Qom during the Qajarid era (1798-1925)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, History,University of Tarbiat Modares,Tehran, I.R. Iran

2 PhD Student, Knowledge & Information Science, University of Tehran,Tehran, I.R. Iran

3 Assistant Professor, History, University of Tehran,Tehran, I.R. Iran

Abstract

Purpose: Aims to investigate water resource management in the City of Qom during the Qajarid Period (1798-1925). After the invasion of Afghans which led to the fall of Safavids, Qom was hit hard. The city faced destruction and loss of population. After that, until the rise of the Qajarids, the city suffered many civil conflicts. With the establishment of the new rulers, tax incomes were required to preserve law and order. One important source of tax revenues was controlling the distribution of scarce water resources, including the Qom River and the man-made subterranean water canals called Kanats. This paper looks into the measures taken by governors and other social groups to organize and manage the water resources of the city.
Method and Research Design: Library and archival resources were examined to collect data.
Findings and Conclusion: Government bureaucrats, tribal chiefs, and the clergy played key roles in the construction and repair of Kanats. Merchants were instrumental in undertaking cistern construction and maintenance. Bureaucrats made more efforts to construct traditional ice holes and public baths. Most of the undertakings to build and revive water resources continued until the time of Naser al-Din Shah (r. 1846-1896).

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Aboudalf Xazarji, Mos’ar ibn Mohalhel. (1354/1975). Safarnâme (Itinerary) Aboudalf Dar Iran (In 956). Collected by Vladimir Minorsky. Translated by Seyyed Abolfazl Tabatabaie. Tehran: Zavvar Publications.
 Afzalolmalek, Qolamhossein. (1384/2005). Safarnâme-ye Qom (Qom’s Itinerary). Corrected by Zahra Ardestani. Qom: Zâ’er Publications.
Arbab, Mohammad-taqi Beyk. (1256/1878). Târix Dârol-Imân Qom (Qom’s Darol-Ayman History). Corrected by Hossein Modarresi Tabatabaie. Qom: Bija Publications.
Asnâd Siyâqiye Jam’ Va Xarj Astâne Moqaddas Hazrat Ma’soumeh. (1265/1886). Qom: Astân Moqaddas Hazrat Ma’soumeh Library.
Avery, Peter; Hambly Gavin; & Melville, Charles. (1384/2005). The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Translated by Morteza Saqebfar. Tehran: Jâmi Publications.
Chardin, John. (1350/1971). Safarnâmeye Shârden (The Travels of Sir John Chardin). Translated by Mohammad Abbasi. Tehran: Amirkabir Publications.
Drechsler, Andreas. (1999).Die Geschichte der stadt Gom (The History of Qom). Berlin: klaas Schwarz.
Ebn Hawqal. (1366/1987). Safarnâme (Itinerary) Ebn Hawqal: Iran Dar Sowratol-Arz. Translated by Ja’far Sho’ar. Tehran: Amirkabir Publications.
Etemadossaltaneh, Aliqoli Mirza. (1370/1991). Eksirol Tavârix (Târix Qâjâriyeh Az Aqâz Tâ Sâl 1221 (Elixir of Dates (Qajar history from the beginning to 1843)). Collected by Jamshid Kiyanfar. Tehran: Visman Publications.
Figueroa, García de Silva. (1363/1984). García de Silva Figueroa Itinerary (Safarnâme), the Spanish Ambassador at the Court of Shah Abbas I (Safire Espâniyâ Dar Darbâr Shâh-Abbâs Avval). Translated by Qolamreza Sami’ie. Tehran: Nashre Now Publications.
Grannie, John; & Sefatgol, Mansour. (1378/1999). Qom Dar Qahti Bozorg-e 1288 Qamari (Qom in the Great starvation of 1870). Qom: Ketâbxâne-ye Bozorg-e Hazrat Ayatollah Mar’ashi Najafi Publications.
Iran Newspaper. (1376/1997). (4th Vol.). Tehran: Islamic Republic of Iran Library.
Iran Newspaper. (1378/1999). (5th Vol.). Tehran: Islamic Republic of Iran Library.
Lambton, L.K.S. (1362/1984). Mâlek Va Zâre’ Dar Iran (The Owner and Farmer in Iran). Translated by Manouchehr Amiri. Tehran: Elmi Va Farhangi Publications.
Maftoun Donbali, Abdolrazzaq Ibn Najafqoli. (1383/2005). Ma’âser Soltâniyeh (Târix Janghâ-ye Iran Va Rous) (The History of Iran and Russia Wars). Corrected by Qolamhossein Zargarinezhad. Tehran: Iran Newspaper Publications.
Majmou’e Asnâd Mojoud Dar Kâx Golestân (Majmu’e Nâseri) (Collection of documents in Golestan Palace (Naseri’s Collection)), 1st Vol.
Malekolmovarrexin, Abdolhosseinxan. (1386/2007). Mer’âtol-Vaqâye’ Mozaffari (1st Vol.). Corrected by Abdolhossein Navaie. Tehran: Miras Maktoub research Center Publications.
Modarresi Tabatabaie, Hossein. (1355/1977). Torbat-e Pâkân: Asâr Va Banâhâ-ye Qadim Mahdoude Konouni Dârolmo’menin Qom (The works and monuments of the current area of the Dar al-Momenin Qom). Qom: Mehr Publications.
Modarresi Tabatabaie, Hossein. (1364/1986). Qom-nâmeh: Majmu’e Maqâlât Va Motoun Darbâre-ye Qom (The Book of Qom: The Proceedings and Texts about Qom). Qom: The Great Library of Hazrat Ayatollah Mar’ashi Najafi Publications.
Mofles, Hossein Ibn Mohammadhasan Qomi. (1391/2012). Tohfatol-Fâtemin Fi Zekr Ahvâl Qom Va Al-Qomi’ien (2nd Vol.). Collected by Mohammadhossein Derayati, et. al. Qom: Nour Motaf Publications.
Mostowfi, Hamdellah. (1381/2002). Nozhatol-Qoloub. Collected by Mohammad-Dabir Siyaqi. Tehran: Hadis-e Emrouz Publications.
Olearius, Adam. (1363/1984). Moscow and Iran Itinerary. Translated by Ahmad Behpour. Tehran: Ebtekar Publications Company.
Qazvini, Zakariya Ibn Mohammad ibn Mahmoud. (1373/1994). Âsârolbelâd Va Axbârol’ebâd. Translated by JahangirMirza qajar. Corrected by Mirhashem Mohaddes. Tehran: Amirkabir Publications.
Qomi, Hasan Ibn Mohammad Ibn Hasan. (1388/2009). Târix-e Qom (Qom’s History). Translated by Hasan Ibn Ali Ibn Hasan Ibn Abdolmalek Qomi. Qom: Zâ’er Publications.
Qoreyshi Karin, Hasan. (1389/2010). Qom Dar Dore-ye Qâjâr Az Ta’sis Tâ Mashroute (Qom in Qajar Period from the beginning to Constitutional). Qom: Zâ’er Publications.
Rahmani Moxtar, Mohammad. (1384/2005). Termantika: Qom Az Asre Bâstân Tâ Asre Mo’âser (Qom From Ancient Times To Contemporary Age). Qom: Dâronnashr Qom Publications.
Sadr, Mohsen. (1364/1985). Xâterât (Diaries) Sadrolashrâf. Tehran: Vahid Publications.
Sahebi, Mohammadjavad. (1384/2005). Qom Az Negâh Bigânegân (Qom from the eyes of Foreigners). Gom: Zâ’er Publications.
Sâzmân Asnâd Va Ketâbxâne Melli Iran(Sâkmâ) (National Library and Archives of Iran), 295-7423.
 
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 December 2016
  • Revise Date: 03 December 2016
  • Accept Date: 20 February 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics