After the Constitutional Revolution, Iranians faced a system which they had never experienced before. Following the revolution, a desire for changes and modernity arose in Tehran and spread unevenly in other cities. Kashan was quickly affected by the new circumstances. This was due to its geographical situation and its nearness to the capital city. The business trips of the merchants of Kashan to Tehran, and also students who had studied abroad were other reasons for Kashan to be affected. Modem schools emerged in Kashan as a result of this modernization. Although some of the modem schools of Kashan existed before the constitutional revolution, the revolution and the modernization which followed it had greatly expedited the spread of such schools. Different factors affected the development of modem schools in Kashan, among which the following can be mentioned: existence of educated citizens, students studying abroad, and the encouragement of the clergy. Social conditions in Kashan and issues such as social discord, the presence of Nayebian, residence of religious minorities, and the economic condition which existed in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi, made the emergence of schools controversial.
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